 Abstract | | |
In this study, the effect of indomethacin a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) was studied to evaluate the effect of its short-term use on peritoneal clearance of urea and creatinine as well as protein excretion in nine chronic renal failure patients on intermittent peritoneal dialysis therapy. Four of them were males and five were females with mean age of 54.4 years. Clearance values and protein excretion in the dialysate effluents were measured before and after administering the indomethacin. There was no significant effect on the urea and creatinine clearance after the use of this drug. However, the mean ± SE protein concentration in the dialysate effluents decreased significantly after the use of indomethacin from 43.1 + 4.5 to 37.0 + 3.5 mg/dl (p<0.01). This reduction of protein excretion in the dialysate after the use of indomethacin might enhance the nutritional status of patients on peritoneal dialysis. Keywords: Clearance, End stage renal failure (ESRF), Indomethacin, Intermittent peritoneal dialysis, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, Protein excretion.
How to cite this article:
Abbas EE, Albawab IM, Safarini SK, Alhassan RA, Khatim MS. The Effect of Short Term Use of Indomethacin, a Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug, on Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 1996;7:10-4 |
How to cite this URL:
Abbas EE, Albawab IM, Safarini SK, Alhassan RA, Khatim MS. The Effect of Short Term Use of Indomethacin, a Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug, on Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl [serial online] 1996 [cited 2021 Apr 18];7:10-4. Available from: https://www.sjkdt.org/text.asp?1996/7/1/10/39532 |
| Introduction | |  |
Peritoneal dialysis is one of the main replacement therapeutic modalities in the management of patients with renal failure. It has gained popularity in the last two decades, especially after the advent of CAPD. There are many factors which may affect diffusion and clearance of solutes through he human peritoneal membrane, including: temperature of fluid infused into the peritoneal cavity, rate of exchange of fluid and its volume, solute concentration gradients, membrane and solute charges, other solute characteristics, capillary pore size, capillary dilatation and constriction, and bowel characteristics [1],[2],[3],[4] . Many drugs can alter peritoneal permiability by changing some of those factors affecting clearance [5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10] .
Peritoneal clearance is important to clinicians since it indicates the efficiency of dialysis [11],[12] . In some patients it would be desirable to use pharmacological or physical factors to augment solute clearance. However, pharmacological agents in this regard are not in use in clinical practice at present.
Peritoneal clearance measured under the same conditions of dialysis solution flow rates and technique remains usually constant in the same patient during short term follow up [10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15] , while it decreases on long term peritoneal dialysis [11],[12] .
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are potent prostaglandin inhibitors and are used widely in clinical practice [16],[17] . This study was undertaken to evaluate the short term effect of indomethacin a NSAID on peritoneal clearance of urea, creatinine, and protein excretion in the dialysate.
| Materials and Methods | | |
We studied prospectively nine in-patients with end stage renal disease. All of them consented for IPD, as well as to undergo the trial. The inclusion criteria were absence of: peritonitis, gastrointestinal symptoms, allergy to indomethacin, febrile or any intercurrent illness. There were no changes of medications on any of these patients during the study period. [Table - 1] shows the age, sex and etiology of the ESRD of the study patients. There were four males and five females included in the study. The mean age was 54.4 years with a range between 25 and 70 years.
After insertion of PD catheter, hourly manual exchanges were done. The fluid used was two liters peritoneal solution with dextrose 1.36%, Na 132 mmol/L, Cl 102 mmol/L, Ca 1.75 mmol/L, Mg 0.75 mmol/L and lactate 35 mmol/L [18] . The fluid was warmed in a water bath to 37° centigrade.
The patients were started on peritoneal dialysis on day 0. On the following day (day 1), a set of clearance studies were done using the formula CdxVd/PT [4],[7],[10],[11],[18],[19] where Cd was the concentration of the substance in the dialysate in milligrams percent, Vd was the dialysate drain volume in milliliters, P was the concentration of the substance in the plasma measured at the exchange midpoint in milligrams per deciliter and T was equal the time of exchange between the start of infusion of peritoneal fluid into the peritoneal cavity up to the time of complete drainage in minutes, which was always around sixty minutes. On day 2, indomethacin was given in three doses of 50 mg orally every 8 hours to the patients. On day 3, another set of studies of clearances was done after discontinuing the drug. The studies of clearances were done in the second exchange each morning for all the patients. Protein concentration in dialysate effluents was measured during each study of clearances.
The experiment was repeated in all nine patients after one week, making a total of eighteen observations. The means of the two clearance values as well as the protein concentration in dialysate effluents were recorded in each of the patients.
| Statistics | | |
The data collected were tabulated, graphed and analyzed using the Wilcoxon matched paired signed rank test. This method calculates the difference between two groups in paired samples [20],[21],[22] .
| Results | | |
[Table - 2] shows the mean urea and creatinine clearances, as well as the protein concentration in dialysate effluents in each of the nine study patients before and after the NSAID. There were no statistically significant changes in the means of clearances of urea or creatinine after the intake of indomethacin compared with the clearances before it. However, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean + standard error (SE) of protein concentration in the dialysate effluents before and after administering indomethacin (43.1 ± 4.5 to 37.0 ± 3.5 mg/dl, P< 0.01).
| Discussion | | |
The vasodilator prostaglandins given intraperitoneally augment peritoneal clearance of creatinine by 10-20%, while the vasconstrictor prostaglandins decrease clearance by 18%, however there was no effect if prostaglandins were given intravenously [16],[17],[23],[24],[25] . Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and stimulators had no pronounced effects on peritoneal transport under baseline conditions in animals when given intravenously, intraperitoneally or orally [23] . The failure of indomethacin in our study to reduce peritoneal clearances of small solutes; ie, urea and creatinine, may be due to the inhibition of both the vasodilating and the vasoconstricting prostaglandins, thus maintaining a balanced net effect on the regional peritoneal blood flow. This is consistent with the results shown in animal studies using intravenous, intraperitoneal and oral prostaglandin inhibitors [18],[24],[25] .
The use of NSAIDS in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis was reported to have deleterious effects on renal function [26],[27] . This may be due to the unopposed effect of other vasoconstrictors in the kidneys which are not inhibited by NSAIDS such as angiotensin. This mechanism may not be operating in the peritoneal membrane.
Indomethacin was used to reduce protein excretion in nephrotic syndrome patients [28],[29] . The significant decrease in protein excretion in the peritoneal dialysate effluent after the use of indomethacin is not clear. This may be due to stronger inhibition of the vasodilatory effect in comparison to the vasoconstrictor effect, leading to lesser loss of protein in the dialysate.
In patients on peritoneal dialysis, it is essential to maintain a positive nitrogen balance so as to prevent malnutrition and to compensate for the protein losses in dialysate during PD [30],[31],[32],[33],[34] .
In our study indomethacin decreased protein excretion in peritoneal dialysate effluents. It remains to be seen whether this is going to be beneficial in patients on PD with a negative nitrogen balance. Adminis, tering indomethacin may reduce their dialysate protein losses. The long term effect of prostaglandin inhibitors on protein excretion and the nutritional status of patients on PD need further evaluation.
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Correspondence Address:
Elhadi E Abbas
Consultant Physician and Head of Department, P.O. Box 5797, Ras Al Khaimah
United Arab Emirates
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PMID: 18417909 
[Table - 1], [Table - 2] |
