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| Year : 2010 | Volume
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| Issue : 6 | Page : 1053-1057 |
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| Left and right ventricular diastolic function in hemodialysis patients |
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Ibrahim Destan Rudhani1, Gani Bajraktari2, Emrush Kryziu1, Bejtush Zylfiu1, Shemsedin Sadiku1, Ymer Elezi1, Nehat Rexhepaj2, Arber Vitia1, Merita Emini1, Murat Abazi1, M Berbatovci-Ukimeraj1, Kaltrina Kryeziu1, Venera Hsanagjekaj1, Hajrije Korca1, Aferdita Ukimeri2
1 Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Clinic Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosova
2 Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Clinic Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosova
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| Date of Web Publication | 4-Nov-2010 |
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 Abstract | | |
The aim of this prospective study was the assessment of left ventricular and right ventricular diastolic function in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and the correlation of this function with the duration of HD. The study included 42 patients (22 females and 20 males) with chronic renal failure (CRF), treated with HD, and 40 healthy subjects (24 females and 16 males) with no history of cardiovascular disease and with normal renal function, who constituted the control group. The groups were matched for age and sex. All study patients and control subjects underwent detailed history taking and physical examination. They also underwent electrocardiogram, echocardiography and biochemical and hematological blood analyses. Significant differences were noted between the two groups in the two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography findings concerning aortic root dimension, transverse diameter of the left atrium, thickness of the inter-ventricular septum, thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall, left ventricular diastolic diameter, left ventricular systolic diameter, shortening fraction, ejection fraction as well as findings from the pulse Doppler study, including E wave, A wave, E/A ratio, deceleration time of E wave (DT-E), acceleration time of E wave (AT-E), tricuspid E and A waves (E tr and A tr ) and E tr /A tr , ratio. There were significant changes in HD patients without arterial hypertension as well in the control group subjects. Our study suggests that the left ventricular and left atrial dimensions as well as the left ventricular wall thickness are augmented in patients with CRF treated with HD compared with the control group. Additionally, the left and right ventricular diastolic function is also reduced in these patients. These differences were also noted in patients with CRF without arterial hypertension. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction had no correlation with the duration of HD.
How to cite this article:
Rudhani ID, Bajraktari G, Kryziu E, Zylfiu B, Sadiku S, Elezi Y, Rexhepaj N, Vitia A, Emini M, Abazi M, Berbatovci-Ukimeraj M, Kryeziu K, Hsanagjekaj V, Korca H, Ukimeri A. Left and right ventricular diastolic function in hemodialysis patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2010;21:1053-7 |
How to cite this URL:
Rudhani ID, Bajraktari G, Kryziu E, Zylfiu B, Sadiku S, Elezi Y, Rexhepaj N, Vitia A, Emini M, Abazi M, Berbatovci-Ukimeraj M, Kryeziu K, Hsanagjekaj V, Korca H, Ukimeri A. Left and right ventricular diastolic function in hemodialysis patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl [serial online] 2010 [cited 2021 Feb 25];21:1053-7. Available from: https://www.sjkdt.org/text.asp?2010/21/6/1053/72291 |
| Introduction | |  |
Nearly half the deaths in patients with terminal renal disease treated with hemodialysis (HD) is due to cardiovascular complications. [1],[2] Arterial hypertension is present in 60-90% of the patients with renal failure before starting HD treatment. Congestive heart failure as a cause of mortality occurs in approximately 20-30% of the cases. [2].[3].[4] Echocardiography showed that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was dominant in most of these patients, [5],[6] while decreased left ventricular function was found less frequently. [7] The most frequent cause of left ventricular systolic dysfunction is coronary artery disease. [5],[6],[7] However, some patients on HD have decreased systolic function without coronary disease. [8] Pathophysiologic changes and prognosis of these patients still remains unclear. Diastolic dysfunction is responsible for approximately 30% of the patients with heart failure. [9]
| Aim of the study | | |
The aim of this prospective study was the assessment of left ventricular and right ventricular diastolic function in patients on HD and the correlation of this finding with the duration of HD.
| Methods | | |
This study was undertaken in the Departments of Nephrology and Hemodialysis and Cardiology in the Internal Clinic, UCC Kosova in Pristina, from January 2005 until September 2005. The study was performed on 42 patients (22 females and 20 males) with chronic renal failure (CRF) treated with HD and 40 healthy subjects (24 females and 16 males) without any history of cardiovascular disease or renal dysfunction, who constituted the control group. The groups were matched for age and sex. All patients in the case and in the control groups underwent detailed history and physical examination as well as electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography and biochemical and hematological blood analyses.
Echocardiography scan
The echocardiography machine used for this study was the Agilent Image-Point machine with 2, 5 and 4.0 MHz probes. Echocardiography scan was performed using the standard parasternal view (longitudinal and transversal axis) and apical views (two and four rooms) in the left decubitus position. On the echocardiography scan, the following standard measurements were taken on two-dimensional echocardiogram and M-mode: aortic dimension (Ao), diameter of left atrium (LA), thickness of interventricular septum (IVS), thickness of left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), left ventricular systolic diameter (LVsD), shortening fraction (SF) and ejection fraction (EF). Assessment of the left ventricular diastolic function was made by a pulse Doppler study. The valuation of this function was made by the conventional method, by transmitral pulse Doppler and measuring the inflow speed of blood at the mitral valve level. The sample volume was set at the mitral valve leaflets level. The following transmitral inflow patterns were recorded: early diastolic wave (E), atrial activity wave (A), ratio between these parameters (E/A), deceleration time (DT-E) and acceleration time (AT-E). The tricuspid inflow patterns were record-ed as well: early diastolic wave (E tr ), atrial activity wave (A tr ) and ratio between these parameters (E tr /A tr ).
| Statistical Analysis | | |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. Paired Student's t-test was used to evaluate the variations between the continuous variables. Fisher's exact test was used to compare variables between the groups. Values r of Pearson's correlation coefficient were calculated for pairs of continuous variables. P ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
| Results | | |
There were significant differences in hemoglobin, red cell count, leukocyte count, cholesterol and tryglyceride levels between the patients on HD and in the control group, while the difference in the blood glucose level was not significant [Table 1]. | Table 1 :Comparison of the laboratory findings in hemodialysis patients and control subjects.
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Two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic findings showed significant differences between the two groups in the following parameters: aortic diameter (Ao), transverse left atrial diameter, interventricular septum thicknes, LVPW, LVdD, LVsD, SF and EF [Table 2]. Also, pulsed Doppler findings such as E wave, A wave, E/A ratio, deceleration time of E wave (DT-E), acceleration time of E wave (AT-E), tricuspid E and A waves (E tr and A tr ) and E tr /A tr , ratio showed significant changes [Table 3]. | Table 2 :Comparison of the two-dimensional and M-mode findings in hemodialysis patients and subjects from the control group.
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 | Table 3 :Comparison of the pulse Doppler findings in the hemodialysis patients and subjects from the control group.
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Of the 42 HD patients, 25 (60%) had arterial hypertension and 17 (40%) had normal blood pressure before HD treatment. We compared the findings on two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography as well as pulse Doppler in patients with and without hypertension as well as in subjects from the control group. The findings are depicted in [Table 4] and [Table 5]. Left ventricular diastolic function had no significant correlation with duration of HD [Figure 1]. | Table 4 :Comparison of changes on two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography findings between hemodialysis patients without AHT and the subjects from the control group.
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 | Table 5 :Comparison of the pulsed Doppler findings on the hemodialysis patients without AHT and subjects from the control group.
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| Discussion | | |
Cardiovascular complications are commonly seen in patients with CRF, especially in those on HD. [1],[2],[3] The most common cardiovascular complications seen in these patients are AHT, IHD, AMI, disturbances of the heart rythm, etc. [1],[2],[3],[4] Cardiovascular mortality in these patients is very high. Echocardiography helps in detection of left ventricular hypertrophy and decrease in systolic function in these patients. [4],[5],[6],[7] Most of the previous studies showed decreased left ventricular diastolic function. [7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15]
Our study is the first to assess right ventricular diastolic function in these patients. We found reduced right ventricular diastolic function, which may be explained by the presence of left ventricular overload as well as increased pressure on the right heart. Furthermore, our study is the first to explore the left and right ventricular diastolic function in HD patients without AHT. We found that the left and right ventricular diastolic function is affected in these patients.
In conclusion, in patients with CRF treated with HD, the dimensions of the left ventricle, left atrium and left ventricular posterior wall thickness are augmented in comparison with subjects from the control group. Furthermore, the left and right ventricular diastolic function in these patients is reduced. These changes are also present in CRF patients without AHT. Left ventricular diastolic function has no significant corelation with the duration of HD.
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Correspondence Address:
Ibrahim Destan Rudhani
Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis, University Clinical Center of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosova
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PMID: 21060173 
[Figure 1]
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5] |
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| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Left ventricular systolic strain in chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis patients |
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| Seethala, S. | | Cardiology Review. 2011; 27(1) | | [Pubmed] | |
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